小島食物轉生術:封存的海味
- matsu food

- 2024年2月15日
- 讀畢需時 2 分鐘
已更新:6月4日
過去缺乏冷藏設備的年代,將現捕現採的漁獲再加工,日曬風乾成魚干,或用鹽醃做鹹配(鹽漬的魚貨),都是島民常見的食物保存方法。
鹹,在國語中通常是味覺的描述,在馬祖話中,「鹹」可以是名詞或形容詞,像是馬祖的蝦油(魚露)地方人稱「鹹(ㄍㄟㄥˋ / keingˋ)」,釀製蝦油叫「做鹹」,有些做蝦油的人家裡會有「鹹池」,是用來做鹹的設備。而醃漬的鰛魚會說「鹹鰛」、粗螺稱「鹹螺」。馬祖的鹹配,與小島封存海洋美味的技術緊密連結,鹽巴是關鍵,要有技巧的讓魚身均勻沾附到,靜置一段時間後,便能品嚐到跨越時節的好味道。許多馬祖人總說小時候不見得好這一味,不過長大後,那種鹹腥的味道與口感,非常好下飯,一入口往往化為鄉愁的滋味。
記憶中的鹹
霉香魚
白力魚鹽漬加工後的成品,馬祖稱霉香魚,是六七十年代外銷港澳的盛品。霉香魚的味道如其名,加工後會產生特殊的霉味,卻是饕客情有獨鍾,亦是一解鄉親鄉愁的滋味。加工時,先洗淨魚身再去掉鰓和內臟,將粗鹽塞入魚肚,再以一層鹽、一層魚的方式,逐步裝滿桶子,靜置約一週後,再進到曝晒或烘乾的工序。
鹹螺(ㄍㄟㄥˇ ㄌㄛㄩˋ/ keingˇ loyˋ)
馬祖潮間帶常見的螺貝類,盛產於夏季。真正學名為岩螺,馬祖人稱粗螺或辣螺,在臺灣則稱苦螺。粗螺嚐起來苦中帶鹹,口感略有嚼勁。
為利於保存,會用榔頭敲碎外殼,再裝瓶以粗鹽醃漬,靜置一至三個月即能食用。醃漬後的鹹度可比醃蘿蔔乾,鄉親一般會蘸白醋緩和鹹度。

滷蝦蛄(ㄌㄡ^ ㄏㄚ ㄨ/ lou^ ha u)
外形似螳螂,肉質鮮嫩,是馬祖的冬季美味。但在早期橋仔,冬季是捕蝦皮的季節,蝦蛄並非主要經濟魚種,對漁民來說,捕到蝦蛄可是極倒霉的事。
蝦蛄料理方式多樣,可以清蒸,可以油炸,亦可鹽漬保存,並根據個人喜好調味,另加醋、麻油來醃製,去掉漁獲本身的腥鹹味。

蟹生(ㄑㄧㄝㄏ ㄑㄧㄤ/ tshieh tsiang)
為馬祖食用螃蟹的一種料理手法,將活生生的螃蟹剁碎後,拌入醬油、鹽巴、糖、蒜末、薑末,再根據喜好口味,自行加高粱酒、醋、白胡椒粉一同拌勻,冷藏一日後即能食用。
蟹生的湯汁也能轉身成為蘸料,拿來沾野生紫菜,便是帶有海洋風味的涼拌美食。

鹹(ㄍㄟㄥˋ / keingˋ)
地方傳統的調味料,又稱蝦油(魚露),是馬祖餐桌常出現的蘸料。魚露通常用下雜魚或鰛鯷魚製作,一般是裝進陶甕鹽漬熟成。五間排中曾用來做鹹的鹹池,同樣是在魚上面鋪鹽巴,使鹽充分裹覆魚身,靜置一段時間才舀起裝甕,再適時掀蓋曝曬攪拌。魚露的釀造沒有一定期限,越陳越香,成色偏深褐色,味道腥鹹。





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