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白沙番薯燒


文:劉宏文老師

【圖文來源|白沙社區發展協會《櫓聲已遠─白沙村的往日時光》─110年連江縣社區營造計畫成果】


古法蒸餾番薯燒(曹玉財提供)

「番薯燒」即是地瓜釀製的燒酒,四季都能產製。由於價廉,昔時農夫上山,漁人出海,喝的多是此物。比起不能過夏的老酒,番薯燒更接地氣,是真正流通民間的飲品。


馬祖的「番薯燒」最早從北竿傳出,南竿、白犬、東引皆少見。而北竿最早釀製的是王永木先生。王永木年輕時曾是橋仔商賈鄭水哥「源生號」伙計,走錨纜,拜過許多碼頭。那時,常有閩江上游「山裡人(疑是畬族)」,馬祖人喚他們「北仔」,搖舢舨渡海,來北竿賣柴火、寶丸(龍眼乾)、番薯米之類的山產,換回一船醃製的「臭漠」、下雜鹹魚,自食或轉賣,愈鹹愈好。王永木識多見廣,能與他們撂上幾句,有時一起喝酒划拳,江湖日久無難事,「北仔」教他釀「番薯燒」。


兩岸斷絕往來之後,源生號沒落,王永木定居白沙改行捕魚。秋風乍起,天氣轉涼,他跟村人一樣,準備酒罈酒撈,開始釀製老酒。當時的糯米不但價昂,而且得向南竿物質處購買,非常不便。他想到,「北仔」喝的番薯燒。那時,白沙人除了捕魚,也在尼姑山、馬鞍崖種番薯,收成後礤成番薯米。王永木自己種,也收購鄰人番薯,貯存在自家廳中地窖裡。


曾任白沙村長達15年的王詩如說,他幼時曾見過王永木釀地瓜燒。番薯切塊後一定要煮的爛熟再碾成碎泥,那時沒有酒麴,而是拌入老酒釀後剩餘的紅糟,移入陶缸發酵,靜置一夜等氣泡冒出,再封入酒罎熟成,約莫一星期後,番薯泥泛出微微酒香,即可取出拿去「燒」。

「燒」就是蒸餾。大灶生火,蒸桶上下各放一個鐵鼎,底下的稱地鼎,盛水後倒入熟成的番薯泥,桶中央斜架一支有凹槽的橫隔木片,接到桶壁上的小孔;蒸桶上端再置一個裝冷水的天鼎。當地鼎內的番薯漿受熱,蒸氣瀰漫上升,觸到盛冷水的天鼎底部,瞬時凝結,酒液沿桶壁流到橫隔的凹槽木片,再流過插入小孔的竹管,一個大茶壺已等在桶外,一滴一滴的承接飄出番薯清香的酒液。


王永木的釀酒技術逐漸傳開,同村曹依肆、吳松官、王要俤等也開始釀造。他們發現紅糟發酵力道不足,酒味平淡如飲開水。此時,南竿中興酒廠開張,好幾位北竿鄉親入廠任職,有的挑水、有的蒸米、有的裝瓶,他們跟廠方要了一些雞蛋大的白麴,攜回北竿,與酒糟一起混入發酵,酒質立刻變「野霸」。於是,冬天喝老酒,夏天喝番薯燒,成了村人的慣例。


民國50年,橋仔酒廠開始營業,流出更多酒麴,坂里、后澳,甚至南竿津沙也有人開始釀製。其後,台馬之間海運開通,每隔三、五天到岸的民間貨船,在戰地政務嚴禁私釀的時期,

成為紅麴、白麴流入馬祖的重要管道。


白沙鄉親曹玉財,仍保有一套父親曹依肆當年釀酒的器具,經他巧手改裝,木桶(馬祖話:熬)換成輕巧的白鐵,現在仍能操作。他說:釀造番薯燒一個重要關鍵即是「去頭截尾」,只取中間部分;一般說法是酒味太淡,影響口感。其實最先與最後蒸出的汁液,都不是純酒,而是喝了頭疼的發酵雜質。


番薯燒味道清淡,熬煮稍不小心,會有一絲番薯的燥味。也許有一天,當人們重新認識番薯的草根香氣,在烈陽海風與現代科技的加持之下,可發展出白沙「番薯燒」,就像日、韓知名地瓜燒「燒酎」、「真露」一樣,成為地方文創產物鏈的一環。

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